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Compare Canada (2002) - Trinidad and Tobago (2001)

Compare Canada (2002) z Trinidad and Tobago (2001)

 Canada (2002)Trinidad and Tobago (2001)
 CanadaTrinidad and Tobago
Administrative divisions 10 provinces and 3 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Nunavut*, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory* 8 counties, 3 municipalities*, and 1 ward**; Arima*, Caroni, Mayaro, Nariva, Port-of-Spain*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick, San Fernando*, Tobago**, Victoria
Age structure 0-14 years: 18.7% (male 3,059,023; female 2,910,203)


15-64 years: 68.4% (male 10,975,701; female 10,857,869)


65 years and over: 12.9% (male 1,743,654; female 2,355,818) (2002 est.)
0-14 years:
24.1% (male 143,730; female 138,160)

15-64 years:
69.2% (male 415,898; female 393,551)

65 years and over:
6.7% (male 34,785; female 43,558) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; forest products; fish cocoa, sugarcane, rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables; poultry
Airports 1,419 (2001) 6 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 507


over 3,047 m: 18


2,438 to 3,047 m: 15


1,524 to 2,437 m: 149


914 to 1,523 m: 245


under 914 m: 80 (2002)
total:
3

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 882


1,524 to 2,437 m: 73


914 to 1,523 m: 363


under 914 m: 446 (2002)
total:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Area total: 9,976,140 sq km


land: 9,220,970 sq km


water: 755,170 sq km
total:
5,128 sq km

land:
5,128 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative somewhat larger than the US slightly smaller than Delaware
Background A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867 while retaining ties to the British crown. Economically and technologically the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south across an unfortified border. Its paramount political problem continues to be the relationship of the province of Quebec, with its French-speaking residents and unique culture, to the remainder of the country. The islands came under British control in the 19th century; independence was granted in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. Tourism, mostly in Tobago, is targeted for expansion and is growing.
Birth rate 11.09 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 13.73 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $178.6 billion


expenditures: $161.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY00/01 est. )
revenues:
$1.54 billion

expenditures:
$1.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $117.3 million (1998)
Capital Ottawa Port-of-Spain
Climate varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north tropical; rainy season (June to December)
Coastline 202,080 km 362 km
Constitution 17 April 1982 (Constitution Act); originally, the machinery of the government was set up in the British North America Act of 1867; charter of rights and unwritten customs 1 August 1976
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Canada
conventional long form:
Republic of Trinidad and Tobago

conventional short form:
Trinidad and Tobago
Currency Canadian dollar (CAD) Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD)
Death rate 7.54 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 8.82 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $1.9 billion (2000) (2000) $2.8 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Paul CELLUCCI


embassy: 490 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 1G8


mailing address: P. O. Box 866, Station B, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5T1


telephone: [1] (613) 238-5335, 4470


FAX: [1] (613) 688-3082


consulate(s) general: Calgary, Halifax, Montreal, Quebec, Toronto, and Vancouver
chief of mission:
Ambassador Edward E. SHUMAKER, III (until April, 2001)

embassy:
15 Queen's Park West, Port-of-Spain

mailing address:
P. O. Box 752, Port-of-Spain

telephone:
[1] (868) 622-6371 through 6376, 6176

FAX:
[1] (868) 628-5462
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Michael F. KERGIN


chancery: 501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001


telephone: [1] (202) 682-1740


FAX: [1] (202) 682-7726


consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas, Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York, and Seattle


consulate(s): Miami, Princeton, San Francisco, and San Jose
chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant)

chancery:
1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:
[1] (202) 467-6490

FAX:
[1] (202) 785-3130

consulate(s) general:
Miami and New York
Disputes - international maritime boundary disputes with the US (Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Machias Seal Island) none
Economic aid - donor ODA, $1.3 billion (1999) (1999) -
Economic aid - recipient - $121.4 million (1995)
Economy - overview As an affluent, high-tech industrial society, Canada today closely resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and high living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which includes Mexico) touched off a dramatic increase in trade and economic integration with the US. As a result of the close cross-border relationship, the economic sluggishness in the United States in 2001-02 had a negative impact on the Canadian economy. Real growth averaged nearly 3% during 1993-2000, but declined in 2001, with moderate recovery in 2002. Unemployment is up, with contraction in the manufacturing and natural resource sectors. Nevertheless, given its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant Canada enjoys solid economic prospects. Two shadows loom, the first being the continuing constitutional impasse between English- and French-speaking areas, which has been raising the spectre of a split in the federation. Another long-term concern is the flow south to the US of professionals lured by higher pay, lower taxes, and the immense high-tech infrastructure. A key strength in the economy is the substantial trade surplus. Trinidad and Tobago has earned a reputation as an excellent investment site for international businesses. Successful economic reforms were implemented in 1995, and foreign investment and trade are flourishing. Persistently high unemployment remains one of the chief challenges of the government. The petrochemical sector has spurred growth in other related sectors, reinforcing the government's commitment to economic diversification. Tourism is growing, especially in the pleasure boat sector. New investment and construction also will continue to drive the economy.
Electricity - consumption 499.77 billion kWh (2000) 4.557 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 48.802 billion kWh (2000) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 12.685 billion kWh (2000) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 576.22 billion kWh (2000) 4.9 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 25%


hydro: 61%


nuclear: 12%


other: 2% (2000)
fossil fuel:
99.59%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0.41% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Logan 5,959 m
lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
El Cerro del Aripo 940 m
Environment - current issues air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European 15%, Amerindian 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixed background 26% black 39.5%, East Indian (a local term - primarily immigrants from northern India) 40.3%, mixed 18.4%, white 0.6%, Chinese and other 1.2%
Exchange rates Canadian dollars per US dollar - 1.6003 (January 2002), 1.5488 (2001), 1.4851 (2000), 1.4857 (1999), 1.4835 (1998), 1.3846 (1997) Trinidad and Tobago dollars per US dollar - 6.2688 (January 2001), 6.2998 (2000), 6.2989 (1999), 6.2983 (1998), 6.2517 (1997), 6.0051 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Adrienne CLARKSON (since 7 October 1999)


head of government: Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November 1993); Deputy Prime Minister John MANLEY (since NA January 2002)


cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general
chief of state:
President Arthur Napoleon Raymond ROBINSON (since 19 March 1997)

head of government:
Prime Minister Basdeo PANDAY (since 9 November 1995)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed from among the members of Parliament

elections:
president elected by an electoral college, which consists of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, for a five-year term; election last held 11 December 2000 (next to be held by NA 2005); prime minister appointed from among the members of Parliament; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives is usually appointed prime minister

election results:
Arthur Napoleon Raymond ROBINSON elected president; percent of electoral college vote - 69%
Exports $260.5 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) $3.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, steel products, fertilizer, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus, flowers
Exports - partners US 84.6%, Japan 2.2%, UK 1.6%, other EU 2.2% (2000) US 39.3%, Caricom countries 26.1%, Latin America 9.5%, EU 5.7% (1999)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March 1 October - 30 September
Flag description three vertical bands of red (hoist side), white (double width, square), and red with a red maple leaf centered in the white band red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side
GDP purchasing power parity - $923 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $11.2 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 2%


industry: 27%


services: 71% (2001 est.)
agriculture:
2%

industry:
44%

services:
54% (1998 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $29,400 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $9,500 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3.4% (2002 est.) 5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 60 00 N, 95 00 W 11 00 N, 61 00 W
Geography - note second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route; approximately 85% of the population is concentrated within 300 km of the US/Canada border -
Heliports 12 (2002) -
Highways total: 901,902 km


paved: 318,371 km (including 16,571 km of expressways)


unpaved: 583,531 km (1999)
total:
8,320 km

paved:
4,252 km

unpaved:
4,068 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 3%


highest 10%: 24% (1994) (1994)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; transit point for heroin and cocaine entering the US market; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering because of its mature financial services sector transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis
Imports $229 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) $3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, live animals
Imports - partners US 72.7%, UK 3.4%, other EU 3.2%, Japan 3.0% (2001) US 39.8%, Venezuela 11.9%, EU 11%, Caricom 4.8% (1999)
Independence 1 July 1867 (from UK) 31 August 1962 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 2.2% (2002 est.) 3.8% (2000)
Industries transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products; wood and paper products; fish products, petroleum and natural gas petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing, cement, beverage, cotton textiles
Infant mortality rate 4.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 24.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.2% (2002 est.) 3.2% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, AfDB, APEC, ARF (dialogue partner), AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CCC, CDB, CE (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, ESA (cooperating state), FAO, G- 7, G- 8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURCA, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOVIC, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 760 (2000 est.) 17 (2000)
Irrigated land 7,200 sq km (1998 est.) 220 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime minister through the governor general); Federal Court of Canada; Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Courts (these are named variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Bench, Superior Court, Supreme Court, and Court of Justice) Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission); High Court of Justice; Court of Appeals; The Majistracy (hears minor civil cases and summary criminal cases)
Labor force 16.4 million (2001 est.) 558,700 (1998)
Labor force - by occupation services 74%, manufacturing 15%, construction 5%, agriculture 3%, other 3% (2000) (2000) construction and utilities 12.4%, manufacturing, mining, and quarrying 14%, agriculture 9.5%, services 64.1% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries total: 8,893 km


border countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)
0 km
Land use arable land: 4.94%


permanent crops: 0.02%


other: 95.04% (1998 est.)
arable land:
15%

permanent crops:
9%

permanent pastures:
2%

forests and woodland:
46%

other:
28% (1993 est.)
Languages English 59.3% (official), French 23.2% (official), other 17.5% English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese
Legal system based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat (members appointed by the governor general with the advice of the prime minister and serve until reaching 75 years of age; its normal limit is 105 senators) and the House of Commons or Chambre des Communes (301 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: House of Commons - last held 27 November 2000 (next to be held by 2005)


election results: House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Liberal Party 41%, Canadian Alliance 26%, Bloc Quebecois 11%, New Democratic Party 9%, Progressive Conservative Party 12%; seats by party - Liberal Party 172, Canadian Alliance 66, Bloc Quebecois 38, New Democratic Party 13, Progressive Conservative Party 12; note - percent of vote by party as of January 2002 - Liberal Party 51%, Canadian Alliance 10%, Bloc Quebecois 10%, New Democratic Party 9%, Progressive Conservative Party 18%; seats by party - Liberal Party 172, Canadian Alliance 66, Bloc Quebecois 38, New Democratic Party 13, Progressive Conservative Party 12
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (31 seats; members appointed by the president for a maximum term of five years) and the House of Representatives (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
House of Representatives - last held 11 December 2000 (next to be held by December 2005)

election results:
House of Representatives - percent of vote - UNC 58.1%, PNM 40.8%, NAR 1.1%; seats by party - UNC 19, PNM 16, NAR 1

note:
Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly, with 15 members serving four-year terms
Life expectancy at birth total population: 79.69 years


male: 76.3 years


female: 83.25 years (2002 est.)
total population:
68.27 years

male:
65.74 years

female:
70.92 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 97% (1986 est.)


male: NA%


female: NA%
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
97.9%

male:
98.8%

female:
97% (1995 est.)
Location Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela
Map references North America Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM or to the outer edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 122 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,797,240 GRT/2,680,223 DWT


ships by type: barge carrier 1, bulk 66, cargo 13, chemical tanker 5, combination bulk 2, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 18, railcar carrier 2, roll on/roll off 8, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 1


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 3, Monaco 16, United Kingdom 1, United States 1 (2002 est.)
total:
2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,439 GRT/4,040 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Canadian Armed Forces (comprising Land Forces Command, Maritime Command, Air Command, Communications Command, Training Command) Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Wing), Trinidad and Tobago Police Service
Military expenditures - dollar figure $7,860.5 million (FY01/02) $83 million (FY94)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.1% (FY01/02) NA%
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 8,361,475 (2002 est.) males age 15-49:
346,043 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 7,139,068 (2002 est.) males age 15-49:
247,297 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 17 years of age (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 217,516 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Canada Day, 1 July (1867) Independence Day, 31 August (1962)
Nationality noun: Canadian(s)


adjective: Canadian
noun:
Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s)

adjective:
Trinidadian, Tobagonian
Natural hazards continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms
Natural resources iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower petroleum, natural gas, asphalt
Net migration rate 6.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -9.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines crude and refined oil 23,564 km; natural gas 74,980 km crude oil 1,032 km; petroleum products 19 km; natural gas 904 km
Political parties and leaders Bloc Quebecois [Gilles DUCEPPE]; Canadian Alliance [Stephen HARPER]; Liberal Party [Jean CHRETIEN]; New Democratic Party [Jack LAYTON]; Progressive Conservative Party [Joe CLARK] National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR [Hochay CHARLES]; People's Empowerment Party or PEP [leader NA]; People's National Movement or PNM [Patrick MANNING]; United National Congress or UNC [Basdeo PANDAY]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Jamaat Al Musilmeen [Abu BAKR]
Population 31,902,268 (July 2002 est.) 1,169,682 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 21% (1992 est.)
Population growth rate 0.96% (2002 est.) -0.51% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Becancour (Quebec), Churchill, Halifax, Hamilton, Montreal, New Westminster, Prince Rupert, Quebec, Saint John (New Brunswick), St. John's (Newfoundland), Sept Isles, Sydney, Trois-Rivieres, Thunder Bay, Toronto, Vancouver, Windsor Pointe-a-Pierre, Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain, Scarborough, Tembladora
Radio broadcast stations AM 535, FM 53, shortwave 6 (1998) AM 2, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 32.3 million (1997) 680,000 (1997)
Railways total: 36,114 km


standard gauge: 36,114 km 1.435-m gauge (156 km electrified)


note: Canada has two major transcontinental freight railway systems: Canadian National (privatized November 1995) and Canadian Pacific Railway; passenger service is provided by the government-operated firm VIA, which has no trackage of its own (2000 est.)
minimal agricultural railroad system near San Fernando; railway service was discontinued in 1968
Religions Roman Catholic 46%, Protestant 36%, other 18%


note: based on the 1991 census
Roman Catholic 29.4%, Hindu 23.8%, Anglican 10.9%, Muslim 5.8%, Presbyterian 3.4%, other 26.7%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.8 male(s)/female

total population:
1.03 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: excellent service provided by modern technology


domestic: domestic satellite system with about 300 earth stations


international: 5 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) and 2 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region)
general assessment:
excellent international service; good local service

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Barbados and Guyana
Telephones - main lines in use 20,802,900 (1999) 243,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 8,751,300 (1997) 17,411 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 80 (plus many repeaters) (1997) 4 (1997)
Terrain mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast mostly plains with some hills and low mountains
Total fertility rate 1.6 children born/woman (2002 est.) 1.81 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 7.6% (2002 est.) 12.8% (2000)
Waterways 3,000 km (including Saint Lawrence Seaway) none
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